中国稻米

中国稻米

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稻田养鱼模式下减量施氮对杂交中稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响

  1. 1四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所/农业部西南水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室，四川 德阳 618000；2四川省合江县农业局，四川 合江 646200
  • 出版日期:2020-01-20 发布日期:2020-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 徐富贤
  • 基金资助:

    国家粮食丰产科技工程（SQ2018YFD 030141）；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-01-25）

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application Rate on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Mid-season Hybrid Rice under Rice-fish System

  • Online:2020-01-20 Published:2020-01-20

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摘要：

以大穗型杂交中稻蓉18优1015和多穗型杂交中稻内6优103为材料，于2018年在四川泸县开展试验，研究稻鱼共生模式下不同施氮量（N0，不施氮；N1，减氮66.6%；N2，减氮33.3%；CK，常规施氮，施氮量135 kg/hm2）对杂交中稻产量、产量构成因子、干物质、收获指数、氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明，大穗型杂交中稻产量以N2处理最高，较CK增加2.8%；多穗型杂交中稻产量以CK最高，较N2、N1处理分别增加5.3%、20.4%；随施氮量的增加，杂交中稻有效穗数、干物质量呈显著增加的趋势，结实率、收获指数则呈下降趋势，减量施氮对杂交中稻每穗粒数和千粒重影响不显著；大穗型杂交中稻的氮肥农学利用率N2、N1处理较CK分别增加63.2%、45.6%，多穗型杂交中稻氮肥农学利用率N2处理较CK增加了27.4%；随施氮量的增加，杂交中稻氮肥偏生产力呈显著下降趋势，与CK相比，N2、N1处理的氮肥偏生产力分别增加了74.6%和48.2%。可见，在稻田养鱼模式下，综合考虑产量和氮肥利用率，杂交中稻的适宜减氮量为33.3%。

关键词: 稻鱼模式, 施氮量, 杂交中稻, 产量

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen application rate （N0, without N; N1, a reduction in nitrogen application rate by 66.6%; N2, a reduction in nitrogen application rate by 33.3%; CK, conventional nitrogen application, nitrogen application rate was 135 kg/hm2） on grain yield, yield components, dry matter weight, harvest index and N use efficiency （NUE） of mid-season hybrid rice under rice-fish system, using two mid-season hybrid rice cultivars （Rong 18 you 1015 with large panicle, Nei 6 you 103 with more panicles） as materials. The results showed that, for the large panicle mid-season hybrid rice, the N2 treatment recorded the highest grain yield, which was 2.8% higher than CK; for the more panicles mid-season hybrid rice, the CK recorded the highest grain yield, which was 5.3% and 20.4% higher than N2 and N1 treatment, respectively. The effective panicles and dry matter weight of mid-season hybrid rice increased with the increase of N application rate; while the seed setting rate and harvest index of mid-season hybrid rice decreased with the increased of N application rate. There was no significantly difference in spikelets per panicle and thousand grain weight among the four treatments. For the large panicle mid-season hybrid rice, the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in N2 and N1 treatment increased by 63.2% and 45.6%, respectively, compared with CK; for the more panicle mid-season hybrid rice, the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in N2 treatment increased by 27.4% , compared with CK. With the increase of N application rate, the partial factor productivity of applied N of mid-season hybrid rice showed a significant decline. Compared with CK,  the partial nitrogen productivity of N2 and N1 treatment increased by 74.6% and 48.2% respectively. Under the rice-fish system, the optimum nitrogen reduction rate of hybrid rice was 33.3% considering the yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

Key words: rice-fish system, nitrogen application rate, mid-season hybrid rice, grain yield

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